Project Forward! We Know Where Organization Change Has Been, But Where is it Headed?

I-36: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis - Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is now considered routine in IVF laboratories with micromanipulation capability and access to genetic diagnostic services. The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of PGD, the number of cycles performed, and the indications for which PGD has been used. This increase has been mirrored by a slow, but steady, increase in the range o...

Cardiac cell therapy: where we've been, where we are, and where we should be headed.

INTRODUCTION Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy. SOURCES OF DATA Multiple candidate cell types have been used in preclinical animal models and in clinical trials to repair or regenerate the injured heart either directly (through formation of new transplanted tissue) or indirectly (through paracrine effects activating endogenous r...

The science establishment: where is it headed?

Science serves its readers as a forum for the presentation and discussion of important issues related to the advancement of science, including the presentation of minority or conflicting points of view, rather than by publishing only material on which a consensus has been reached. Accordingly, all articles published in Science-including editorials, news and comment, and book reviews-are signed ...

Practical AI: Where it's been, and where it is now

AI has received much publicity since that it is difficult to assess all of them, rent AI technology lacks integrated comthe early 1980s but it has also been critiespecially since the people who make prehension, commonsense knowledge, or cized for its lack of real practicality in their living from expert systems often exdelicate pattern recognition. Even simple everyday commercial or industrial ...

Where are we now and where are we headed?